Acid peptic disease – commonly called APD – includes a number of conditions. All these conditions are the result of damage from acid and peptic activity in gastric secretions. APD occurs when the acid starts irritating the inner cells (mucosal layer) of the stomach. Acid peptic diseases mostly affect the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Acid peptic diseases are caused by the excessive presence of acid and pepsin. The two main types of acid peptic diseases are gastric and duodenal ulcers. However, they can also occur at the GJ Stoma, the lower end of the esophagus, and Meckel’s diverticulum. According to the duration and complexity of symptoms they can be acute or chronic. A digestive function disorder, the acid peptic disease is characterized by dyspepsia (discomfort, heartburn, or nausea). However, the classic symptom of peptic ulcer disease is defined as pain centered in the upper abdomen or discomfort characterized by fullness, bloating, distention, or nausea. Factors contributing to acid peptic disorder result when the balance between the aggressive and defensive factors in the gastroduodenal mucosa is disrupted. This balance could be disrupted by factors such as H pylori infection, NSAID (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug), and acid secretory abnormalities. A defect in bicarbonate production and acid neutralization in the duodenal bulb is also a potent cause.
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